WARNINGS
Warnings do no harm and might do inexpressible good
- 27 January 1941, Dr. Ricardo Shreiber, the Peruvian envoy in Tokyo
told Max Bishop, third secretary of the US embassy that he had just learned from
his intelligence sources that there was a war plan involving a surprise attack
on Pearl Harbor. This information was sent to the State Department and Naval
Intelligence and to Admiral Kimmel at Hawaii.
- 31 March 1941 - A Navy report by Bellinger and Martin predicted that
if Japan made war on the US, they would strike Pearl Harbor without warning at
dawn with aircraft from a maximum of 6 carriers. For years Navy planners had
assumed that Japan, on the outbreak of war, would strike the American fleet
wherever it was. The fleet was the only threat to Japan's plans. Logically,
Japan couldn't engage in any major operation with the American fleet on its
flank. The strategic options for the Japanese were not unlimited.
- 10 July - US Military Attache Smith-Hutton at Tokyo reported Japanese
Navy secretly practicing aircraft torpedo attacks against capital ships in
Ariake Bay. The bay closely resembles Pearl Harbor.
- July - The US Military Attache in Mexico forwarded a report that the
Japanese were constructing special small submarines for attacking the American
fleet in Pearl Harbor, and that a training program then under way included
towing them from Japan to positions off the Hawaiian Islands, where they
practiced surfacing and submerging.
- 10 August 1941, the top British agent, code named "Tricycle", Dusko
Popov, told the FBI of the planned attack on Pearl Harbor and that it would be
soon. The FBI told him that his information was "too precise, too complete to be
believed. The questionnaire plus the other information you brought spell out in
detail exactly where, when, how, and by whom we are to be attacked. If anything,
it sounds like a trap." He also reported that a senior Japanese naval person had
gone to Taranto to collect all secret data on the attack there and that it was
of utmost importance to them. The info was given to Naval IQ.
- Early in the Fall, Kilsoo Haan, an agent for the Sino-Korean People's
League, told Eric Severeid of CBS that the Korean underground in Korea and Japan
had positive proof that the Japanese were going to attack Pearl Harbor before
Christmas. Among other things, one Korean had actually seen the plans. In late
October, Haan finally convinced US Senator Guy Gillette that the Japanese were
planning to attack in December or January. Gillette alerted the State
Department, Army and Navy Intelligence and FDR personally.
- 24 September 1941, the " bomb plot" message in J-19 code from Japan
Naval Intelligence to Japan' s consul general in Honolulu requesting grid of
exact locations of ships pinpointed for the benefit of bombardiers and torpedo
pilots was deciphered. There was no reason to know the EXACT location of ships
in harbor, unless to attack them - it was a dead giveaway. Chief of War Plans
Turner and Chief of Naval Operations Stark repeatedly kept it and warnings based
on it prepared by Safford and others from being passed to Hawaii. The chief of
Naval Intelligence Captain Kirk was replaced because he insisted on warning HI.
It was lack of information like this that lead to the exoneration of the Hawaii
commanders and the blaming of Washington for unpreparedness for the attack by
the Army Board and Navy Court. At no time did the Japanese ever ask for a
similar bomb plot for any other American military installation. Why the
Roosevelt administration allowed flagrant Japanese spying on PH has never been
explained, but they blocked 2 Congressional investigations in the fall of 1941
to allow it to continue. The bomb plots were addressed to "Chief of 3rd Bureau,
Naval General Staff", marked Secret Intelligence message, and given
special serial numbers, so their significance couldn't be missed. There were
about 95 ships in port. The text was:
"Strictly secret.
"Henceforth, we would like to have you make reports concerning vessels
along the following lines insofar as possible:
"1. The waters (of Pearl Harbor) are to be divided roughly into five
subareas (We have no objections to your abbreviating as much as you
like.)
"Area A. Waters between Ford Island and the Arsenal.
"Area B. Waters adjacent to the Island south and west of Ford Island.
(This area is on the opposite side of the Island from Area A.)
"Area C. East Loch.
"Area D. Middle Loch.
"Area E. West Loch and the communication water routes.
"2. With regard to warships and aircraft carriers, we would like to have
you report on those at anchor (these are not so important) tied up at
wharves, buoys and in docks. (Designate types and classes briefly. If
possible we would like to have you make mention of the fact when
there are two or more vessels along side the same wharf.)"
- Simple traffic analysis of the accelerated frequency of messages from
various Japanese consuls gave a another identification of war preparations, from
Aug-Dec there were 6 messages from Seattle, 18 from Panama, 55 from Manila and
68 from Hawaii.
- Oct. - Soviet top spy Richard Sorge, the greatest spy in history,
informed Kremlin that Pearl Harbor would be attacked within 60 days. Moscow
informed him that this was passed to the US. Interestingly, all references to
Pearl Harbor in the War Department's copy of Sorge's 32,000 word confession to
the Japanese were deleted. NY Daily News, 17 May 1951.
- 16 Oct. - FDR grossly humiliated Japan's Ambassador and refused to
meet with Premier Konoye to engineer the war party, lead by General Tojo, into
power in Japan.
- 1 Nov. - JN-25 Order to continue drills against anchored capital
ships to prepare to "ambush and completely destroy the US enemy." The message
included references to armor-piercing bombs and 'near surface torpedoes.'
- 13 Nov. - The German Ambassador to US, Dr. Thomsen an anti-Nazi, told
US IQ that Pearl Harbor would be attacked.
- 14 Nov. - Japanese Merchant Marine was alerted that wartime
recognition signals would be in effect Dec 1.
- 22 Nov. - Tokyo said to Ambassador Nomura in Washington about
extending the deadline for negotiations to November 29: "...this time we mean
it, that the deadline absolutely cannot be changed. After that things are
automatically going to happen."
- CIA Director Allen Dulles told people that US was warned in mid-November
that the Japanese Fleet had sailed east past Tokyo Bay and was going to attack
Pearl Harbor. CIA FOIA
- 23 Nov. - JN25 order - "The first air attack has been set for 0330
hours on X-day." (Tokyo time or 8 A.M. Honolulu time)
- 25 Nov. - British decrypted the Winds setup message sent Nov. 19. The
US decoded it Nov. 28. It was a J-19 Code message that there would be an attack
and that the signal would come over Radio Tokyo as a weather report - rain
meaning war, east (Higashi) meaning US.
- 25 Nov. - Secretary of War Stimson noted in his diary "FDR stated
that we were likely to be attacked perhaps as soon as next Monday." FDR asked:
"the question was how we should maneuver them into the position of firing the
first shot without too much danger to ourselves. In spite of the risk involved,
however, in letting the Japanese fire the first shot, we realized that in order
to have the full support of the American people it was desirable to make sure
that the Japanese be the ones to do this so that there should remain no doubt in
anyone's mind as to who were the aggressors."
- 25 Nov. - Navy Department ordered all US trans-Pacific shipping to
take the southern route. PHH 12:317 (PHH = 1946 Congressional Report, vol. 12,
page 317) ADM Turner testified "We sent the traffic down to the Torres Straight,
so that the track of the Japanese task force would be clear of any traffic." PHH
4:1942
- 25 Nov. - Yamamoto radioed this order in JN-25: " (a) The task force,
keeping its movements strictly secret and maintaining close guard against
submarines and aircraft, shall advance into Hawaiian waters and upon the very
opening of hostilities, shall attack the main force of the United States Fleet
in Hawaii and deal it a mortal blow. The raid is planned for dawn on X-day --
exact date to be given by later order. (b) Should the negotiations with the US
prove successful, the task force shall hold itself in readiness forthwith to
return and reassemble. (c) The task force will move out of Hitokappu Wan on the
morning of 26 November and advance to the standing-by position on the afternoon
of 4 December and speedily complete refueling." ( Order to
sail - scan from the PHA Congressional Hearings Report, vol 1 p 180,
transcript p 437-8) This was decoded by the British on November 25 and the Dutch
on November 27. When it was decoded by the US is a national secret, however, on
November 26 Naval Intelligence reported the concentration of units of the
Japanese fleet at an unknown port ready for offensive action.
- 26 Nov. 3 A.M. - Churchill sent an urgent secret message to FDR,
probably containing above message. This message caused the greatest agitation in
DC. Of Churchill's voluminous correspondence with FDR, this is the only message
that has not been released (on the grounds that it would damage national
security). Stark testified that "On November 26 there was received specific
evidence of the Japanese intention to wage offensive war against Great Britain
and the United States." C.I.A. Director William Casey, who was in the OSS in
1941, in his book THE SECRET WAR AGAINST HITLER, p 7, wrote "The British had
sent word that a Japanese fleet was steaming east toward Hawaii." Washington, in
an order of Nov 26 as a result of the "first shot" meeting the day before,
ordered both US aircraft carriers, the Enterprise and the Lexington out of Pearl
Harbor "as soon as practicable." This order included stripping Pearl of 50
planes or 40 percent of its already inadequate fighter protection. In response
to Churchill's message, FDR secretly cabled him that afternoon - "Negotiations
off. Services expect action within two weeks." Note that the only way FDR could
have linked negotiations with service action, let alone have known the timing of
the action, was if he had the message to sail. In other words, the only service
action contingent on negotiations was Pearl Harbor.
- 26 Nov. - the "most fateful document " was Hull's ultimatum that Japan must withdraw from
Indochina and all China. FDR's Ambassador to Japan called this "The document
that touched the button that started the war."
- 27 Nov. - Secretary of War Stimson sent a confused and confusing hostile action possible or DO-DON'T warning. The Navy
Court found this message directed attention away from Pearl Harbor, rather than
toward it. One purpose of the message was to mislead HI into believing
negotiations were continuing. The Army which could not do reconnaissance was
ordered to and the Navy which could was ordered not to. The Army was ordered on
sabotage alert, which specifically precluded attention to outside threat. Navy
attention was misdirected 5000 miles from HI. DC repeated, no less than three
times as a direct instruction of the President, "The US desires that Japan
commit the first overt act Period." It was unusual that FDR directed this
warning, a routine matter, to Hawaii which is proof that he knew other warnings
were not sent. A simple question--what Japanese "overt act" was FDR expecting at
Pearl Harbor? He ordered sabotage prevented and subs couldn't enter, that leaves
air attack. The words "overt act" disclose FDR's intent - not just that Japan be
allowed to attack but that they inflict damage on the fleet. This FDR order to
allow a Japanese attack was aid to the enemy - explicit treason.
- 29 Nov.- Hull sat in Layfayette Park across from the White House with
ace United Press reporter Joe Leib and showed him a message stating that Pearl
Harbor would be attacked on December 7. This could well have been the Nov. 26
message from Churchill. The New York Times in its 12/8/41 PH report on page 13
under the headline "Attack Was Expected" stated the US had known that Pearl
Harbor was going to be attacked the week before. Perhaps Leib wasn't the only
reporter Hull told.
- 29 Nov. - The FBI embassy tap made an intercept of an uncoded
plain-text Japanese telephone conversation in which an Embassy functionary
(Kurusu) asked 'Tell me, what zero hour is. Otherwise, I won't be able to carry
on diplomacy.' The voice from Tokyo (K. Yamamoto) said softly, 'Well then, I
will tell you. Zero hour is December 8 (Tokyo time, ie, December 7 US time) at
Pearl Harbor.' (US Navy translation 29 Nov)
- 30 Nov. US Time (or 1 Dec. Tokyo time) - The Japanese fleet was
radioed this Imperial Naval Order (JN-25): "JAPAN, UNDER THE NECESSITY OF HER
SELF-PRESERVATION AND SELF-DEFENSE, HAS REACHED A POSITION TO DECLARE WAR ON THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA." (Congress
Appendix D, p 415). US ally China also recovered it in plain text from a
shot-down Japanese Army plane near Canton that evening. This caused an emergency
Imperial Conference because they knew the Chinese would give the information to
GB and US. In a related J-19 message the next day, the US translated elaborate
instructions from Japan dealing in precise detail with the method of internment
of American and British nationals in Asia "on the outbreak of war with England
and the United States"
- 1 Dec. - Office of Naval Intelligence, ONI, Twelfth Naval District in
San Francisco found the missing Japanese fleet by correlating reports from the
four wireless news services and several shipping companies that they were
getting strange signals west of Hawaii. The Soviet Union also knew the exact
location of the Japanese fleet because they asked the Japanese in advance to let
one of their ships pass (Layton p 261). This info was most likely given to them
by US because Sorge's spy ring was rolled up November 14. All long-range PBY
patrols from the Aleutians were ordered stopped on Dec 6 to prevent contact.
- 1 Dec. - Foreign Minister Togo cabled Washington Ambassador Nomura to
continue negotiations "to prevent the U.S. from becoming unduly suspicious."
- 1 Dec. - The tanker Shiriya, which had been added to the
Striking Force in an order intercepted Nov 14, radioed "proceeding to a position
30.00 N, 154.20 E. Expect to arrive at that point on 3 December." (near HI) The
fact that this message is in the National Archives destroys the myth that the
attack fleet maintained radio silence. They were not ordered to (Order 820).
Serial numbers prove that the Striking Force sent over 663 radio messages
between Nov 16 and Dec 7 or about 1 per hour. The NSA has not released any raw
intercepts because the headers would prove that the Striking Force did not
maintain radio silence. On Nov 29 the Hiyei sent one message to the Commander of
the 3rd fleet; on Nov 30 the Akagi sent several messages to its tankers - see
page 474 of the Hewitt
Report. Stinnett in DAY OF DECEIT (p 209) found over 100 messages from the
Striking Force in the National Archives. All Direction Finding reports from HI
have been crudely cut out. Reports from Dec 5 show messages sent from the
Striking Force picked up by Station Cast, P.I.
- From traffic analysis, HI reported that the carrier
force was at sea and in the North. THE MOST AMAZING FACT is that in reply to
that report, MacArthur's command sent a series of three messages, Nov 26, 29,
Dec 2, to HI lying about the location of the carrier fleet - saying it was in
the South China Sea. This false information, which the NSA calls inexplicable,
was the true reason that HI was caught unawares. Duane Whitlock, who sadly
passed away in 2005, sent those messages.
- There were a large number of other messages that gave the location of the
Striking Force by alluding to the Aleutians, the North Pacific and various
weather systems near HI.
- 1 Dec. - FDR cut short his scheduled ten day vacation after 1 day to
meet with Hull and Stark. The result of this meeting was reported on 2 Dec. by
the Washington Post: "President Roosevelt yesterday assumed direct command of
diplomatic and military moves relating to Japan." This politically damaging move
was necessary to prevent the mutiny of conspirators.
- 1 Dec. 3:30 P.M. FDR read Foreign Minister Togo's message to his
ambassador to Germany: "Say very secretly to them that there is extreme danger
between Japan & Anglo-Saxon nations through some clash of arms, add that the
time of this war may come quicker than anyone dreams." This was in response to
extreme German pressure on November 29 for Japan to strike the US and promises
to join with Japan in war against the US. The second of its three parts has
never been released. The message says it contains the plan of campaign. This is
1 of only 3 known DIPLOMATIC intercepts that specified PH as target. It was so
interesting, FDR kept a copy.
- 2 Dec. 2200 Tokyo time- Here is a typical JN-25 ships-in-harbor
report sent to attack fleet, words in parenthesis were in the original:
"Striking Force telegram No. 994. Two battleships (Oklahoma, Nevada), 1 aircraft
carrier (Enterprise) 2 heavy cruisers, 12 destroyers sailed. The force that
sailed on 22 November returned to port. Ships at anchor Pearl Harbor p.m. 28
November were 6 battleships (2 Maryland class, 2 California class, 2
Pennsylvania class), 1 aircraft carrier (Lexington), 9 heavy cruisers (5 San
Francisco class, 3 Chicago class, 1 Salt Lake class), 5 light cruisers (4
Honolulu class, 1 Omaha class)"
- 2 Dec. - Commander of the Combined Imperial Fleet Yamamoto radioed
the attack fleet in plain (uncoded) Japanese Climb
Niitakayama 1208 (Dec 8 Japanese time, Dec 7 our time). Thus the US knew
EXACTLY when the war would start. Mount Niitaka was the highest mountain in the
Japanese Empire - 13,113 feet.
- 2 Dec. - General Hein Ter Poorten, the commander of the Netherlands
East Indies Army gave the Winds setup message to the US War Department. The
Australians had a center in Melbourne and the Chinese also broke JN-25. A Dutch
sub had visually tracked the attack fleet to the Kurile Islands in early
November and this info was passed to DC, but DC did not give it to HI. The
intercepts the Dutch gave the US are still classified in RG 38, Box 792.
- 2 Dec - Japanese order No. 902 specified that old JN-25 additive
tables version 7 would continue to be used alongside version 8 when the latter
was introduced on December 4. This means the US read all messages to the
Striking Force through the attack.
- 4 Dec. - In the early hours, Ralph Briggs at the Navy's East Coast
Intercept station, received the "East Winds, Rain" message, the Winds Execute,
which meant war. He put it on the TWX circuit immediately and called his
commander. This message was deleted from the files. One of the main coverups of
Pearl Harbor was to make this message disappear. Japanese Dispatch # 7001. In
response to the Winds Execute, the Office of US Naval IQ had all Far Eastern
stations (Hawaii not informed) destroy their codes and classified documents
including the Tokyo Embassy.
- 4 Dec. - The Dutch invoked the ADB joint defense agreement when the
Japanese crossed the magic line of 100 East and 10 North. The U.S. was at war
with Japan 3 days before they were at war with us.
- 4 Dec. - General Ter Poorten sent all the details of the Winds
Execute command to Colonel Weijerman, the Dutch military attache' in Washington
to pass on to the highest military circles. Weijerman personally gave it to
Marshall, Chief of Staff of the War Department.
- 4 Dec - US General Thorpe at Java sent four messages warning of the
PH attack. DC ordered him to stop sending warnings.
- 5 Dec. - All Japanese international shipping had returned to home
port.
- 5 December - In the morning FDR dictated a letter to Wendell Wilkie for the
Australian Prime Minister, "There is always the Japanese to consider. The
situation is definitely serious and there might be an armed clash at any
moment...Perhaps the next four or five days will decide the matters."
- 5 Dec. - At a Cabinet meeting, Secretary of the Navy Knox said,
"Well, you know Mr. President, we know where the Japanese fleet is?" "Yes, I
know" said FDR. " I think we ought to tell everybody just how ticklish the
situation is. We have information as Knox just mentioned...Well, you tell them
what it is, Frank." Knox became very excited and said, "Well, we have very
secret information that the Japanese fleet is out at sea. Our information is..."
and then a scowling FDR cut him off. (Infamy, Toland, 1982, ch 14 sec 5)
- 5 Dec. - Washington Star reporter Constantine Brown quotes a friend
in his book The Coming of the Whirlwind p 291, "This is it! The Japs are
ready to attack. We've broken their code, and we've read their ORDERS."
- 5 Dec. - Lt. Howard Brown of Station Cast in the Philippines received
urgent request from Washington to listen for a short message from Tokyo which
ended with the English word "stop". He heard the message at 11:30 PM Hawaiian
time Dec 6. This is the Hidden Word Code set up in a message of November 27
(e.g. in code, Roosevelt=Miss Kimiko). The message was: "Relations between Japan
and the following countries are on the brink of catastrophe: Britain and the
United States."
- 6 December - This 18 November J19 message was translated by the
Army:
"1. The warships at anchor in the Harbor on the 15th were as I told you
in my No.219 on that day. Area A -- A battleship of the Oklahoma class entered
and one tanker left port. Area C -- 3 warships of the heavy cruiser class were
at anchor. 2. On the 17th the Saratoga was not in harbor. The carrier
Enterprise, or some other vessel was in Area C. Two heavy cruisers of the
Chicago class, one of the Pensacola class were tied up at docks 'KS'. 4 merchant
vessels were at anchor in area D. 3. At 10:00 A.M. on the morning of the
17th, 8 destroyers were observed entering the Harbor..." Of course this
information was not passed to HI.
- 6 Dec. - A Dec 2 request from Tokyo to HI for information about the
absence of barrage balloons, anti-torpedo nets and air recon was translated by
the Army.
- 6 Dec. - at 9:30 P.M FDR read the first 13 parts of the decoded
Japanese diplomatic declaration of war and said "This means war." What kind of
President would do nothing? When he returned to his 34 dinner guests he said,
"The war starts tomorrow."
- 6 Dec. - the war cabinet: FDR, top advisor Hopkins, Stimson,
Marshall, Secretary of the Navy Knox, with aides John McCrea and Frank Beatty
"deliberately sat through the night of 6 December 1941 waiting for the Japs to
strike." (Infamy ch 16 sec 2)
- 7 December - A message from the Japanese Consul in Budapest to
Tokyo:
"On the 6th, the American Minister presented to the Government of this
country a British Government communique to the effect that a state of war would
break out on the 7th." The communique was the Dec 5th War Alert from the
British Admiralty. It has disappeared. This triple priority alert was
delivered to FDR personally. The Mid-East British Air Marshall told Col. Bonner
Fellers on Saturday that he had received a secret signal that America was coming
into the war in 24 hours. Churchill summarized the message in GRAND ALLIANCE
page 601 as listing the two fleets attacking British targets and "Other Japanese
fleets...also at sea on other tasks." There only were three other fleets- for
Guam, the Philippines and HI. 2 paragraphs of the alert, British targets only,
are printed in AT DAWN WE SLEPT, Prange, p 464. There is no innocent purpose for
our government to hide this document.
- 7 December 1941 very early Washington time, there were two Marines,
an emergency special detail, stationed outside the Japanese Naval Attache's
door. 9:30 AM Aides begged Stark to send a warning to Hawaii. He did not. 10 AM
FDR read the 14th part, 11 A.M. FDR read the 15th part setting the time for the
declaration of war to be delivered to the State Department at 1 PM, about dawn
Pearl Harbor time, and did nothing. Navy Secretary Knox was given the 15th part
at 11:15 A.M. with this note from the Office of Naval IQ: "This means a sunrise
attack on Pearl Harbor today." Naval IQ also transmitted this prediction to Hull
and about 8 others, including the White House (PHH 36:532). At 10:30 AM Bratton
informed Marshall that he had a most important message (the 15th part) and would
bring it to Marshall's quarters but Marshall said he would take it at his
office. At 11:25 Marshall reached his office according to Bratton. Marshall
testified that he had been riding horses that morning but he was contradicted by
Harrison, McCollum, and Deane. Marshall who had read the first 13 parts by 10 PM
the prior night, perjured himself by denying that he had even received them.
Marshall, in the face of his aides' urgent supplications that he warn Hawaii,
made strange delays including reading and re-reading all of the 10 minute long
14
Part Message (and some parts several times) which took an hour and refused
to use the scrambler phone on his desk, refused to send a warning by the fast,
more secure Navy system but sent Bratton three times to inquire how long it
would take to send his watered down warning - when informed it would take 30 or
40 minutes by Army radio, he was satisfied (that meant he had delayed enough so
the warning wouldn't reach Pearl Harbor until after the 1 PM Washington time
deadline). The warning was in fact sent commercial without priority
identification and arrived 6 hours late. This message reached all other
addressees, like the Philippines and Canal Zone, in a timely manner.
- 7 December - 7:55 A.M. Hawaii time AIR RAID PEARL HARBOR. THIS IS NOT
DRILL.
- 7 December - 1:50 P.M. Washington time. Harry Hopkins, who was the
only person with FDR when he received the news of the attack by telephone from
Knox, wrote that FDR was unsurprised and expressed "great relief." Eleanor
Roosevelt wrote about December 7th in This I Remember p 233, that FDR
became "in a way more serene." In the NY Times Magazine of October 8, 1944 she
wrote: "December 7 was...far from the shock it proved to the country in general.
We had expected something of the sort for a long time."
- 7 December - 3:00 PM "The (war cabinet) conference met in not too
tense an atmosphere because I think that all of us believed that in the last
analysis the enemy was Hitler...and that Japan had given us an opportunity."
Harry Hopkins (top KGB agent and FDR's alter ego), Dec. 7 Memo (Roosevelt and
Hopkins R Sherwood, p. 431)
- 7 December - 9 hours later, MacArthur's entire air force was caught
by surprise and wiped out in the Philippines. His reaction to the news of Pearl
Harbor was quite unusual - he locked himself in his room all morning and refused
to meet with his air commander General Brereton, and refused to attack Japanese
forces on Formosa even under orders from the War Department. MacArthur gave
three conflicting orders that ensured the planes were on the ground most of the
morning. MacArthur used radar tracking of the Japanese planes at 140, 100, 80,
60, down to 20 miles to time his final order and ensure his planes were on the
ground. Strategically, the destruction of half of all US heavy bombers in the
world was more important than naval damage in Pearl Harbor. Either MacArthur had
committed the greatest blunder in military history or he was under orders to
allow his forces to be destroyed. If it were the greatest blunder in history, it
is remarkable how he escaped any reprimand, kept his command and got his fourth
star and Congressional Medal of Honor shortly later. Prange argued, "How could
the President ensure a successful Japanese attack unless he confided in the
commanders and persuaded them to allow the enemy to proceed unhindered?"
- 7 December - 8:30 PM, FDR said to his cabinet, "We have reason to
believe that the Germans have told the Japanese that if Japan declares war, they
will too. In other words, a declaration of war by Japan automatically brings..."
at which point he was interrupted, but his expectation and focus is clear. Mrs.
Frances Perkins, Secretary of Labor, observed later about FDR: "I had a deep
emotional feeling that something was wrong, that this situation was not all it
appeared to be." Mrs. Perkins was obsessed by Roosevelt's strange reactions that
night and remarked particularly on the expression he had:" In other words, there
have been times when I associated that expression with a kind of evasiveness."
- FDR met with CBS newsman Edward R. Murrow at midnight. Murrow, who had seen
many statesmen in crises, was surprised at FDR's calm reaction. After chatting
about London, they reviewed the latest news from PH and then FDR tested Murrow's
news instincts with these 2 bizarre giveaway questions: "Did this surprise you?"
Murrow said yes. FDR: "Maybe you think it didn't surprise us?" FDR gave the
impression that the attack itself was not unwelcome. This is the same
high-strung FDR that got polio when convicted of perjury; the same FDR that was
bedridden for a month when he learned Russia was to be attacked; the same FDR
who couldn't eat or drink when he got the Japanese order to sail.
- 8 December - In a conversation with his speech writer Rosenman, FDR
"emphasized that Hitler was still the first target, but he feared that a great
many Americans would insist that we make the war in the Pacific at least equally
important with the war against Hitler."
- Later, Jonathan Daniels, administrative assistant and press secretary to FDR
said, "The blow was heavier than he had hoped it would necessarily be...But the
risks paid off; even the loss was worth the price..."
- FDR reminisced with Stalin at Tehran on November 30, 1943, saying "if the
Japanese had not attacked the US he doubted very much if it would have been
possible to send any American forces to Europe." Compare this statement with
what FDR said at the Atlantic Conference 4 months before Pearl: "Everything was
to be done to force an 'incident' to justify hostilities." Given that a Japanese
attack was the only possible incident, then FDR had said he would do it.
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